Recent research has revealed a concerning link between constipation and a higher risk of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) such as heart attacks and strokes, especially in individuals with high blood pressure. This underscores the importance of proactive health management and lifestyle changes to address these prevalent conditions.
MACE and Constipation
A study analyzing data from over 400,000 participants in the UK Biobank found that individuals with constipation faced a significantly increased risk of MACE compared to those with regular bowel habits.
Specifically, those with constipation had a 115 percent higher risk of MACE, a 172 percent higher risk of heart failure, a 136 percent higher risk of ischemic stroke, and a 62 percent higher risk of acute coronary syndromes, which can lead to heart damage and death.
Role of Hypertension
Researchers highlighted that when constipation is present in hypertensive patients, the risk of MACE is approximately 1.7 times higher, contributing to a 34 percent increase in the likelihood of future MACE occurrences. This interaction between constipation and hypertension underscores the significant impact of these health issues.
Risk Remained
Even after considering the use of constipation-inducing medications like calcium channel blockers for blood pressure control, the heightened risk of MACE persisted among the participants, with over 157,400 having high blood pressure and 8.6 percent also experiencing constipation.
Genetics also played a role in both constipation and MACE, with up to 27 percent of genetic factors influencing constipation being linked to heart conditions.
The research findings can aid in identifying new therapeutic interventions and implementing more effective management strategies based on individual risk assessments, aligning with precision medicine principles.
âDirectâ and âIndirectâ Factors
Dr. Alexander Lee highlighted the distinction between âdirectâ factors like high cholesterol and smoking that directly contribute to plaque formation in arteries, and âindirectâ factors like constipation that may lead to conditions promoting cardiovascular risks.
Chronic constipation can cause temporary spikes in blood pressure due to straining, potentially impacting heart health in the long term. It can also affect the vagus nerve, which regulates heart rate and inflammation, leading to abnormal heart rhythms and hypertension.
Imbalances in gut bacteria from constipation can trigger inflammatory responses that may result in arterial stiffening and plaque development.
âConstipation and straining increases blood pressure possibly anywhere from 20 to 80 mmHg, albeit temporarily,â Lee explained. âChronic constipation may lead to persistent straining, which can lead to lasting effects on cardiovascular health.â
Prevention is Key
Experts recommend maintaining a healthy diet rich in fiber, staying hydrated, and engaging in regular physical activity to promote digestive health. Regular medical check-ups can aid in managing blood pressure and addressing any bowel health concerns with healthcare providers.
Lee stresses the importance of proactive health management, stating, âItâs always better to manage your health proactively as opposed to reactively.â Regular consultations with healthcare providers can help individuals develop personalized strategies for reducing risks and promoting cardiovascular and digestive health.
