Analysts believe that despite increased meetings between Indian and Chinese officials to address the border dispute, disengagement will be a challenging task. The recent meeting between Indian National Security Adviser Ajit Doval and Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi in St. Petersburg, Russia, aimed to accelerate efforts in resolving the longstanding border issue. However, the complex nature of the border dispute, with differing perceptions of the Line of Actual Control (LAC) on both sides, makes complete disengagement a difficult process. The recent discussions between the two countries highlighted the need for urgent action to achieve disengagement and stabilize bilateral relations. Despite some progress in certain areas, the overall situation remains delicate, with historical tensions and conflicting territorial claims complicating the process of resolving the dispute. The question remains: Are both sides willing to agree on a single Line of Actual Control (LAC)? This would be a crucial first step, as the LAC has shifted over time. The Line agreed upon by Chinese Premier Zhou Enlai in 1956 does not align with present Chinese claims, emphasizing the need for clarity.
Indian Foreign Minister Jaishankar stated that 75 percent of disengagement issues in eastern Ladakh have been resolved, but the remaining 25 percent pose significant challenges. Journalist Arpi echoed these sentiments, emphasizing the complexity of addressing the Depsang and Demchok issues.
Depsang and Demchok continue to be contentious areas in eastern Ladakh, with the LAC dividing these regions into Indian- and Chinese-controlled territories. Resolving these friction points will require both countries to agree on a map delineating the Line of Control or a buffer zone where joint or alternate patrols can be conducted.
The Gogra-Hot Springs region serves as an example of this approach, with a mutually agreed buffer zone established in this disputed area. However, while efforts are made to disengage, China is reportedly increasing its military presence along the LAC. Satellite imagery indicates the development of a military base at Pangong Tso and new infrastructure in the Galwan Valley, suggesting a growing Chinese military presence along the border.
As negotiations continue, finding a mutually acceptable resolution to the remaining friction points will be crucial for maintaining peace and stability in the region.
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